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Leotia lubrica
''Leotia lubrica'', commonly referred to as a jelly baby, is a species of fungus in the family Leotiaceae. The species produces small fruit bodies up to in height, featuring a "head" and a stalk. Ochre tinted with olive-green in colour, the heads are irregularly shaped, while the stalk, of a similar colour, attaches them to the ground. The appearance can be somewhat variable and is similar to a number of other species, including ''Cudonia confusa'', ''C. circinans'', ''L. atrovirens'' and ''L. viscosa''. ''L. lubrica'' was first validly described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, but it was later transferred to ''Leotia'' by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon. Its relationship with other members of the genus, of which it is the type species, is complicated.
Growing in woodland among moss, plant detritus or other habitats, the ''L. lubrica'' fruit bodies are typically found in large numbers, though they can grow in tight clumps or even individually. The species feeds as a saprotroph. The youngest fruit bodies are small and conical, but the fertile head quickly grows from the stalk. It is often described as inedible, despite its common name, but has also been reported as edible and even good. ''L. lubrica'' has been recorded in Europe, North America, Asia and Australasia.
==Taxonomy and naming==
The first species was first validly described scientifically by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in his 1772 work ''Flora Carniolica exhibens plantas Carnioliae indigenas et distributas in classes, genera, species, varietates, ordine Linnaeano''. Scopoli either named the species ''Elvella lubrica''〔 or ''Helvella lubrica'',〔 with the specific name ''lubrica'' meaning ''slimy''. Christiaan Hendrik Persoon transferred the species to ''Leotia'', where it remains, in 1794. Other synonyms include ''Leotia gelatinosa'', used by John Hill in 1751,〔Though this description was earlier than Scopoli's, it is not valid, as it was published before Carl Linnaeus's ''Species Plantarum''. See binomial nomenclature.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= ''Leotia lubrica'' synonymy )〕 ''Helvella gelatinosa'', used in Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard's ''Histoire des champignons de la France'',〔 and ''Peziza cornucopiae'', a name given by Georg Franz Hoffmann in 1790. The fruit bodies of the mushrooms are typically referred to as jelly babies,〔〔 but other common names include the lizard tuft,〔 the ochre jelly club, the slippery cap,〔 the green slime fungus, and the gumdrop fungus. The term "yellow jelly babies" is sometimes used to differentiate the species from green jelly babies, ''Leotia viscosa''.
''Leotia lubrica'' is the type species of the genus ''Leotia''.〔 It has been hypothesised that the species has a close relationship with ''L. atrovirens''; mycologist Geoffrey Kibby suggested that greenish color of ''L. atrovirens'' may be due to infection by an imperfect fungus on ''L. lubrica'', while David Arora proposed that the two species may intergrade.〔 In 2004, results of phylogenetic analysis suggested that ''L. lubrica'', ''L. atrovirens'' and ''L. viscosa'', while morphologically well-defined, were not monophyletic. ''L. lubrica'' specimens could be split into at least two different groups, one of which also contained specimens of ''L. viscosa''. These groups could be differentiated morphologically by the colour of the stalk when dried. The most basal was shown to be ''L. atrovirens''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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